Overhead contact systems, construction and costs: Part I

The Management of Overhead Costs in Construction Companies

Costs not directly attributable to or recoverable from production and sales are often loosely referred to as overhead costs. In construction, some of these result from the organisation structure, size and form of the enterprise, some apply more directly to site operations and some may lie somewhere in between. Overhead costs largely represent the enterprise’s operational capacity, including asp...

Case Study - Overhead Costs Analysis

Construction projects become complicated and fragmented so that many specialty contractors are involved. In such changed environments, a general contractor’s overhead costs are increasing comparable to direct costs. In addition to an increase of volume, activities consisting of overhead costs play an important role in coordinating different participants who include different specialty contracto...

PART I Reactive Systems

PART I Oxytocin and vasopressin systems

Error-Trellises for Convolutional Codes—Part I: Construction

An error-trellis is a directed graph that represents all the sequences belonging to the coset which contains the symbolby-symbol detected version of a given received sequence. A modular construction of error-trellises for an (n; k) convolutional code over GF(q) is presented. The trellis is designed on the basis of partitioning the scalar check matrix of the code into submatrices of l rows, acco...